Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a significant concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspects, incl

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable strength to safeguard delicate skin. This soothing ingredient has long been employed in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective characteristics. Establishing a physical shield on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks har